Operate hand and power tools to install, maintain, overhaul and repair heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Perform regular checks, clean or replace filters, and troubleshoot issues with equipment. Ensure systems are working efficiently and safely, and educate customers on proper system use and maintenance.

Design heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for buildings and vehicles. Calculate heating and cooling loads, select appropriate equipment and create detailed plans for installation. Extensive software use (e.g. for analysis and 2D and 3D modelling). Communicate with other professionals and the client.

Operate hand and power tools to install, maintain, overhaul and repair cooling systems in buildings and vehicles. Set up refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, connect electrical and plumbing components, and test systems for proper operation. Diagnose mechanical and electrical issues, repair or replace faulty parts, and ensure systems comply with safety and environmental regulations. Overlaps with HVAC technicians’ work.

Program and operate computer-controlled machines to cut and shape materials like metal or plastic. Read blueprints, configure machines and monitor production to ensure precision. Adjust machine settings, tools or programs as needed to produce precise parts.

Operate manual machines to cut, drill and shape metal or plastic parts. Read blueprints, select appropriate tools, and set up machines for each task. Measure and inspect finished parts to ensure they meet specifications.

Fabricate, install and repair products made from thin metal sheets. Read blueprints, cut and shape metal using hand tools and machines. Install sheet metal products in buildings or vehicles, ensuring proper fit and function.

Technical positions with a focus on organisation duties and people, which both can be stressful, due to high responsibilities and the difficulties with employees (including putting pressure on them). Often significant parts of the work are coordination, coaching, monitoring hazards, overseeing work quality and productivity or boring administrative tasks. Manage schedules and address any issues that arise during operations. Management may involve negotiations, several types of financial duties and decision making. Good communication skills and handling people well (including motivation) are indispensable. Some roles even involve strategic planning, which requires solid analytical skills and abstract thinking.

Develop and implement quality assurance programs to ensure products or services meet required company and legal standards. Lead teams in conducting inspections, tests and audits covering the entire production process. Analyse data to identify trends and areas for improvement in quality. Create and maintain documentation of quality processes and procedures. Train staff on quality standards and best practices. Investigate the root causes of quality issues, which can be stressful. Collaborate with other departments to address these issues. All decent-quality products and online services have to pass tests, including food, produce, custom-built items and apps, so many directions are available within this field, especially with additional specializations.

As above without the managerial duties.

Examine raw materials and products for defects throughout the manufacturing process, ensure they meet quality standards and sort items based on specific criteria. Conduct tests, take samples for analysis and take measurements. Record inspection results and report any quality issues.

Stay up to date on regulatory standards, ensure final products or services meet these standards and are delivered to customers with consistency. Develop and oversee quality control processes. Work with other departments to fix quality problems. People working in QA are often unpopular among coworkers, because they are seen as the people who point out their mistakes, bad performance and make them redo tasks. It takes QA workers great empathy and people skills to be liked by colleagues, but it’s very important, because they usually spend many hours a week educating workers too. Report writing and making detailed suggestions take up a large part of the work time as well.

Install, maintain, and repair regulating and control systems and valves in industrial settings, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety and flow valves. Interpret blueprints and assemble components. Test systems for proper operation. Troubleshoot issues, replace faulty parts, and adjust control mechanisms to ensure optimal performance.

Install and service automatic and manual doors in commercial and residential buildings. Assemble door components, connect electrical systems, and adjust mechanisms for smooth operation. Diagnose and repair issues with door systems, including sensors, motors and safety features.

Install, maintain and repair electrical power lines and related equipment. Climb poles or use truck-mounted buckets to access lines, replace damaged components and connect new lines to power sources. Respond to power outages and perform emergency repairs even in bad weather conditions.

Install, maintain and repair elevators, escalators and other people-moving equipment. Read blueprints, assemble and install mechanical and electrical components and test systems for safety and efficiency. Perform regular maintenance, troubleshoot issues, and repair or replace faulty parts.

Install, move, maintain and repair industrial machinery and mechanical equipment. Read technical diagrams, communicate with other professionals and the client to make sure every detail of the plan is correct, disassemble and reassemble machines, align and calibrate equipment. Perform preventive maintenance, troubleshoot issues (often with creativity) and fabricate replacement parts when needed.

Set up, operate and maintain electronic equipment used in radio and television recordings and broadcasts, including Internet streams. Regulate sound and picture quality and monitor transmissions. Troubleshoot hardware and software issues, conduct emergency repairs and assist with the production of live or recorded programs.

Set up and operate audio equipment and software for concerts, recordings and broadcasts. Mix and balance sound sources, adjust sound quality, and create desired audio effects. Maintain and repair audio equipment, and collaborate with performers or producers to achieve the desired sound output.

Install and repair equipment and wiring used in telephone, internet and cable TV systems. Set up hub systems, routers and other network devices, and test connections for proper operation. Diagnose and fix hardware and software issues.

Install and replace telecommunications lines and cables. Climb poles or work in underground tunnels to access lines and connect wiring to network equipment. Test lines for signal strength and quality, and replace damaged lines and related components.

One of the environmentally friendly, renewable sources of energy. Geothermal energy utilises the temperature under the ground to produce electricity (high temperature) or to supply heating and cooling for residential or industrial uses. Oversee operations at geothermal power plants and injection well fields, ensuring efficient and safe energy production. Manage staff, coordinate maintenance activities, and optimise plant performance. Cooperate with coworkers extensively, work with accuracy, administration, oversee repairs.

Install, test, maintain and repair geothermal heating and cooling systems in power plants, industrial and residential settings. Test soil and rock conditions for system suitability. Design and plan geothermal loop installations. Connect geothermal heat pumps to building systems. Oversee the processes and be available to take action if any fault or inefficiency arises. Educate customers on geothermal system operations. Work at night and on weekends too.

Manage the operations of hydroelectric power plants, overseeing energy generation and distribution. Manage staff, coordinate inspections, maintenance and repair work of dams, turbines and related equipment. Ensure safety protocols are followed, optimise plant efficiency, administration, oversee repairs. Handle unexpected events.

Operate and maintain equipment in biomass power plants. Monitor boilers, turbines and generators. Control fuel feeding systems and combustion processes. Perform routine inspections and maintenance on plant equipment. Troubleshoot and repair mechanical and electrical issues. Maintain records of plant operations and equipment performance. Work at night and on weekends too.

Assemble and install various components of aircraft, including the frame, wings and control systems. Read blueprints, use specialised tools, and ensure proper alignment and fit of parts. Perform quality checks and testing of assembled components.

Assemble parts and products according to specifications in manufacturing settings. Use hand tools, machines and other equipment to put together components. Follow Quality Control procedures and work efficiently to meet production targets.

Design and create tools, dies and special guiding devices used in manufacturing. Operate machines to cut and shape metal into precise specifications. Test and refine tools and dies to ensure they produce parts accurately.

Join metal parts using heat and/or pressure, following blueprints and specifications. Operate welding equipment, select appropriate materials, and inspect completed welds. Cut metal using torches or other cutting equipment. More studies are needed to do such jobs than how simple they sound and further specializations provide even more lucrative opportunities.

Set up, operate and monitor automated welding, soldering and brazing machines. Adjust machine settings, load materials and ensure proper joining of metal parts. Inspect finished products for quality and make necessary adjustments.

Set up, operate and tend machines used to cut, shape and finish wood products. Read work orders, adjust machine settings and load materials. Monitor machine operation and inspect finished products for quality.

Measure, cut and install carpet in residential and commercial buildings. Prepare surfaces, lay padding and secure carpet using various tools and techniques. Repair or replace damaged carpet sections and ensure proper fit and appearance.

Examine homes to assess their condition, safety and compliance with building codes. Inspect structural elements, electrical systems, plumbing and other components. Prepare detailed reports of findings for buyers, sellers or real estate professionals.

Repair and maintain boats, ships and other marine vessels using hand and power tools. Take part in manufacturing vessels. Diagnose and fix issues with engines, electrical systems and other mechanical components. Perform routine maintenance and ensure compliance with safety regulations.

Maintain and repair various types of motorboats and small watercraft. Work on engines, electrical and propulsion systems and steering. Diagnosing mechanical and electrical faults efficiently requires good analytical skills and some studies or plenty of experience. Perform routine maintenance like oil changes and winterising. Replace worn or damaged parts. Handle and move heavy objects. Adjust and tune engines for optimal performance. Test boats after repairs to ensure they're working correctly and safely. Sometimes, making custom parts and metalwork is needed. Depending on the climate, the work may be seasonal.

Support engineers during the development process and prototype testing of ships and boats, their components and setting up the manufacturing processes. Collect and analyse data from the performance tests of the vessel. Investigate issues, overcome hurdles creatively and recommend improvements. Perform quality control checks. Use computer-aided design (CAD) software to create technical drawings. If focused on the production processes, then assist in the construction and assembly of ships and boats. Read and interpret technical drawings and blueprints. Use various tools and equipment to cut, shape and weld metal components. Install mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems. Perform quality control checks throughout the manufacturing process.

Operate equipment such as steam engines, generators, motors, turbines, steam boilers, pumps, compressors and air-conditioning equipment. Monitor gauges, keep track of industrial processes, make adjustments to keep machines operating safely and with optimal efficiency. Regular maintenance, testing and administrative duties, minor assembly and repair tasks. Extensive expertise is required to manage unexpected events well. Such engineers work on ships and oil rigs, in large commercial buildings, industrial facilities, office complexes, hospitals, universities, malls, hotels and airports.

In charge of operating, maintaining and repairing ships' engines and mechanical systems. Monitor engine performance and fuel efficiency. Diagnose and fix mechanical, electrical and hydraulic problems. Manage engine room crew and oversee repair and routine maintenance work. Keep detailed logs of all engine operations and maintenance activities.

Inspect ships and offshore structures to assess their condition. Advise on ship values for insurance, loan or sale purposes. Check vessels for safety, seaworthiness and compliance with regulations. Investigate maritime accidents and damages. Provide detailed reports on vessel conditions and needed repairs. Oversee repairs and modifications to ensure they meet standards. The subjects of the inspections are the ship’s hull, machinery and electrical systems, therefore, a high level of technical knowledge in ship construction, maintenance and repair is required to properly identify and diagnose issues. Attend ship launches and sea trials. Keep up-to-date with maritime laws, regulations and industry standards.

Manage fleet operations for shipping companies. Oversee maintenance and repair of vessels. Ensure ships comply with safety and environmental regulations. Coordinate crew management and training. Handle budgets for ship operations and maintenance. Liaise with port authorities, classification societies and insurers. Investigate and report on maritime incidents. Develop and implement company policies for ship operations. Requires at least a relevant bachelor’s degree and advanced knowledge of ship operations, engineering and maritime regulations, combined with hands-on experience. Networking and maintaining good relationships with fleet owners and stakeholders is important for this career. Continuous learning is expected. Specializations include technical, operations, leading, quality assurance and safety focussed roles. Stressful, demanding profession.

Manage refrigeration and air conditioning systems on ships. Operate and maintain cooling equipment for cargo and crew areas. Monitor temperature-controlled spaces to ensure proper conditions. Troubleshoot and repair refrigeration system malfunctions. Manage inventory of refrigerants and spare parts. Train and supervise refrigeration team members. Coordinate with other ship departments on cooling needs.

Design, install and maintain automated systems on ships. Program and operate computerised control systems. Monitor and optimise ship's automation for efficiency and safety. Troubleshoot complex technical issues in ship's automated systems. Implement upgrades to ship's automation technology. Train crew members on use of automated systems. Collaborate with other engineering departments on system integration. This role demands expertise in control systems, programming and sensor technologies.

Oversee all electrical systems and equipment on typically large ships, such as cruise ships or tankers. Manage, maintain and repair electrical generators, motors, lighting and electrical distribution systems. Troubleshoot complex electrical problems. Supervise and train electrical team members. Plan maintenance schedules.

Manage the ship's engine room, propulsion systems, mechanical systems used in cargo operations or specialised offshore equipment. Oversee maintenance and repair of main engines and other machinery. Monitor fuel consumption and optimise engine performance. Troubleshoot mechanical issues and perform emergency repairs. Ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations. Supervise and train engine room crew. Maintain inventory of spare parts and tools. Coordinate with bridge officers regarding engine operations. On vessels like drillships or offshore support vessels, the Chief Mechanic oversees the mechanical equipment, including cranes, drilling machinery and heavy lifting gear. This role demands expertise in mechanical engineering, hydraulics, pneumatics and experience in heavy machinery maintenance.

Oversee loading, placement and unloading of ship's cargo. Plan cargo placement for ship stability and efficiency. Operate and maintain cargo handling equipment. Ensure proper securing of cargo for sea transport. Also found on specialised vessels like liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers, take charge of the safe handling, transfer and storage of liquid or gas cargo. Monitor cargo conditions during the voyage. Comply with regulations for handling different types of cargo. Coordinate with port officials and stevedores (if any) during cargo operations. Maintain accurate cargo records and documentation.

Operate advanced computerised systems to keep a ship in a precise position. Monitor and control ship's thrusters and propulsion systems. Interpret data from GPS, wind sensors and other positioning equipment. Maintain ship's position during offshore operations like drilling or cable laying. Respond quickly to changes in weather or sea conditions.

Supervise deck crew and oversee deck operations. Maintain deck equipment (e.g. winches and mooring systems), cargo handling (e.g. cranes) and lifesaving appliances. Coordinate painting and general maintenance of the ship's exterior. Assist in mooring and anchoring operations. Oversee cargo loading and unloading on the deck. Conduct safety drills and ensure deck safety procedures are followed. Maintain inventory of deck department supplies. Act as a link between deck crew and ship's officers.

The Safety Officer is responsible for ensuring the ship's compliance with safety regulations, including conducting safety drills, maintaining safety equipment (lifeboats, firefighting systems, etc.) and overseeing crew safety training. This position requires extensive knowledge of maritime safety protocols, emergency response systems and international maritime regulations (SOLAS, ISM Code). Though often a deck officer with specialised safety training, it can be a separate role on the ship, which involves technical and leadership expertise.

Install and maintain pipe systems used in industrial settings and large buildings, which may contain various liquids and gases. Read blueprints, cut, weld, thread, join pipes and install valves and other fittings. Test systems for leaks, pressure and proper operation. Steamfitters are pipefitters that are also qualified to work with high-pressure systems and pipes that carry hazardous materials.

Trim and shape horses' hooves and fit them with appropriate horseshoes. Assess hoof health and gait to determine proper shoeing needs. Fabricate or modify horseshoes and attach them securely to horses' hooves.

Repair, modify and customise firearms for optimal performance and safety. Diagnose and fix mechanical issues, replace worn parts, and adjust sights and other components. Perform routine maintenance and ensure compliance with firearms regulations.

Operate machines and equipment to produce firearms and other small and large weapons. Follow blueprints and specifications to ensure accurate production of parts. Perform quality checks and assemble components into finished products.

Create products and structures using fiberglass materials. Mix resins, apply fiberglass layers, and shape materials using moulds or forms. Finish and trim products, ensuring proper strength and appearance.

Conduct sleep examinations to diagnose and treat sleep disorders. Set up and operate specialised monitoring equipment to record patients' sleep patterns. Analyse data, educate the patient and provide treatment.

Set up and install prefabricated buildings and mobile homes. Prepare sites by levelling ground and laying foundations. Assemble the building, including the flooring, wiring, walls, doors, windows and roof either in the workshop or on the prepared foundations. Assist lifting and transporting the building sections or the whole home to installation sites. Align and connect building parts according to plans. Install utility systems like plumbing, electricity and heating. Seal joints and openings to make buildings weatherproof. Anchor structures to foundations. Inspect installations to ensure they meet building codes. Supervisors also coordinate the work, supervise and motivate workers, resolve technical and personal issues. Managers are more involved in sales, customer service, watching out for following regulations, resourcing, hiring, profitability, finance and long-term planning; as opposed to carrying out the work itself.

Diagnose, repair and maintain various types of vehicles or machinery. Use diagnostic tools to identify issues, replace or repair faulty parts and perform routine maintenance. Ensure proper operation and safety of equipment. Whether mechanic and technician mean the same thing and if not then what the differences are varies by the region and the industry. Colloquially, the two words mean the same, with a few exceptions.

Operate, maintain and repair conveyor systems used in manufacturing or logistics. Monitor system performance, troubleshoot issues, and perform necessary adjustments or repairs. Design and implement improvements.

Oversee and coordinate manufacturing processes to ensure efficiency and quality. Production managers work on the production of a huge variety of goods (e.g. plastic toys, ovens, screws, windows, car parts, ready meals, bread, canned food, wooden chairs, clothes, medicines, magazines, etc.), but they gain experience with a limited variety of them, which confines their career to a certain extent. Manage and train production staff, assigning tasks and ensuring proper skill development. Monitor equipment performance and coordinate maintenance to minimise downtime. Collaborate with other departments such as purchasing, logistics, quality control and sales to ensure smooth operations. Ensure compliance with legal standards and company guidelines.

Operate heavy lifting equipment to move materials in construction, manufacturing, warehouse or shipping settings. Follow safety protocols, interpret hand signals, and precisely control equipment movements. Perform equipment inspections and basic maintenance.

Control machines that remove sand, gravel or other materials from bodies of water. Navigate dredging vessels, monitor underwater operations, and maintain proper depth and material flow.

Operate drilling and boring machines to create holes or tunnels underground. Set up equipment, monitor drilling progress, and adjust operations as needed. Collect soil or rock samples. Depending on the task at hand, maintaining the equipment can be a large part of the job.

Handle, transport and use explosives in construction, weapon manufacturing, mining or demolition works. Determine appropriate explosive types and quantities, set charges and detonate explosives safely. Ensure compliance with safety regulations and proper disposal of unexploded ordnance.

Construct and repair various types of fences for residential, commercial or agricultural properties. Measure and mark fence lines, dig post holes, and install fence posts and panels. Ensure proper alignment, stability and strength of fences.

Operate machines that drive piles into the ground for building foundations or other structures. Position and align piles, control driving force, monitor depth and angle of piles. Ensure proper installation and stability of driven piles.

Operate and maintain equipment used in oil and gas extraction, processing and transportation. Monitor well performance, adjust equipment settings, and perform maintenance on pumps, compressors, engines and other machinery. Must have solid knowledge of the equipment, their maintenance needs and safety protocols, to ensure safe and efficient operation of oil and gas production units with minimal downtime.

Oversee the planning and development of wind energy projects. Coordinate site assessments, obtain necessary permits, and manage project budgets and timelines. Collaborate with engineers, landowners, contractors, investors and government agencies to implement wind farm projects.

Manage the day-to-day operations of wind farms to ensure efficient energy production by supervising the work of team members and contractors. Oversee maintenance schedules, monitor turbine performance, and coordinate repairs. Ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations while optimising energy output.

Install, maintain and repair wind turbines. Perform routine inspections of turbine components. Diagnose and fix mechanical, hydraulic or electrical issues, which require good analytical skills and physical fitness. Replace worn or damaged parts. Monitor the operation of the wind turbines remotely, on computers. Collect and analyse data on turbine performance. Perform regular maintenance like lubricating moving parts and tightening bolts. Be on call and fix problems quickly when needed. Wind farms are often in remote locations.

The distribution of responsibilities and qualifications required to work in the different roles of architecture vary greatly: Mainly by country (due to legislation), but also by the size of the construction and sometimes, by how rural a project is. There are tradesmen whom are already called architects at the age of 18, but usually they are apprentices in effect, until they gain years of experience.

Mostly, an architect is someone who is responsible for overseeing every part of a construction project. There are famous architects, the names of which are like brands, such as Gustave Eiffel, Antoni Gaudi, Zaha Hadid, Toyo Ito, etc, because they create impressively novel yet viable design concepts. Generally speaking, a certified architect has to be responsible for the soundness of the design and the implementation as well, otherwise, the project won’t be able to go ahead… ideally. But in practice, corners are often cut, mistakes are made, clients request unreasonable changes and it’s impossible to expect perfection from the contractors. Such issues can put a lot of stress on the architects and the other people involved in the project alike.

Architects design buildings and structures, creating detailed plans and drawings. Collaborate with clients to understand their needs and develop creative solutions. They also oversee the construction projects to ensure designs are properly implemented. They ensure the buildings are safe, functional, and comply with regulations. Architects are also responsible for staying within the budget and the contracted timeframe. They attend lots of meetings, conduct negotiations, educate the clients, support other professionals involved in the project, check the works carried out regularly, make design amendments and manage contractors and employees. They may also be heavily involved in the sales to line up the upcoming projects.

Professionals responsible for construction projects other than the ones that erect buildings are also often called architects of various types. They build bridges, tunnels, parks, underground facilities, offshore oil rigs or do large-scale landscaping.

An architect’s job is often somewhat superficial when it comes to the engineering aspects of the design and its implementation. Architect engineers take an active role in creating the design and oversee these aspects during the construction as well: structural soundness, detailed blueprint and design elements, construction processes, utilities, their machinery and piping and wiring plans, managing sunlight that enters the building, costs, fulfilling legal requirements. They use software, including 3D-design ones extensively and solve engineering problems.

Design and oversee construction and maintenance of infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, tunnels, railroads, airports, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants and water and sewage systems. Analyse survey reports, maps and other data to plan projects, develop technical and engineering specifications. Be in charge of and work on structural soundness, detailed blueprint and design elements, construction processes, utilities, their machinery and piping and wiring plans, costs, fulfilling legal requirements. Use software, including 3D-design ones extensively and solve engineering problems.

A branch of civil engineering. Design and improve transportation systems such as highways, streets, junctions, airports, large pipelines, public transportation, traffic control systems and railways. Analyse characteristics of local communities, traffic patterns and plan new transportation routes. Draft maps, cooperate with contractors and other professionals, estimate project budgets. Ensure transportation projects meet safety standards and environmental regulations. Develop solutions to reduce traffic congestion and improve transportation efficiency.

Develop plans for the use of land and resources in cities, towns and rural areas to make them practical, efficient, pleasant, attractive and shape the local communities in positive ways. Conduct studies on environmental, economic and social issues affecting communities. Gather and analyse data. The specialisations in this field are transportation, land use, economic development, environment, urban design and community planning. Whatever the specialization, the other parts of urban planning always have to be taken into consideration as well. Create long-term strategies for managing urban growth and development. Design plans for new parks, housing developments and other community facilities. Analyse population trends and project future needs for housing, transportation and public services. Strive to attract businesses and investment. Review and assess proposals for new developments to ensure they meet planning regulations. Consult with community members, investors, property owners, developers and government officials on planning issues and opportunities. Prepare and present planning reports and recommendations to decision-makers. Monitor the implementation of approved plans and assess their effectiveness.

Similar to transportation engineering, but less technical. It aims to support government officials by proposing sound plans, including making relevant systems resilient in handling extraordinary circumstances. Gather and analyse information, conduct studies, write reports on the expected impact of projects and potential policy changes. Many work in the private sector too.

Assist civil engineers in planning and implementing a wide array of infrastructure projects and their maintenance. Conduct field surveys and collect data. Make recommendations on the types of materials to be used and calculate the required amounts. Prepare reports, estimates and technical drawings. Help oversee construction activities and ensure compliance with plans and specifications.

Design practical and comfortable outdoor spaces such as parks, gardens, campuses, etc. Create plans for plants, walkways and other landscape features. Oversee installation of landscape projects.

Create detailed drawings and plans for buildings and infrastructure projects. Use computer-aided design (CAD) software to produce precise technical illustrations. Incorporate design specifications and building codes into drawings. Collaborate with architects and engineers to refine plans.

Have at least a general understanding of every part of a construction project. Oversee every phase of it from planning to completion. Coordinate activities of workers, subcontractors and suppliers. Ensure project meets quality standards, safety regulations and budget and time constraints. Solve problems that arise during construction, communicate about the progress and details with clients and other professionals. Hire, motivate staff, delegate tasks, resolve personnel issues.

Operate heavy machinery such as bulldozers, cranes and excavators on construction sites. Follow construction plans to move earth, lift materials, or perform other tasks. Maintain and perform basic repairs on construction equipment.

Collect data about land features using specialised equipment for uses, such as construction, creating maps, marking boundaries, mining, etc. Assist surveyors in measuring land boundaries and preparing maps. Record survey measurements and descriptive data. Help create detailed maps and plots using computer software. Surveying technicians spend a significant amount of time working outdoors, exposed to the weather, whereas mapping technicians primarily work indoors.

Take measurements of a plot of land to mark the borders of it; measure and map or clarify details about the topography and what’s below. Examine the soil to a certain depth, to be able to make recommendations on design feasibility, costs and planning. Participate in it and oversee the production of a detailed, digital map to submit to the client. Often have to carry heavy surveying equipment.

Lead a team of architects and/or engineers in design and Research & Development projects. Responsible for meeting deadlines and budget requirements. Consult with clients and other professionals on project specifics and progress. Likely to be heavily involved in sales.

Can be a private entrepreneur or an employee. Find lucrative construction, remodelling and renovation opportunities, investors, buyers, contractors and professionals for making it successful. Has to oversee the entire project without micromanaging it: market research, purchase, permits, financing, planning, design, construction, sales. Negotiate favourable terms with all other parties involved (potentially banks too). Acquire properties or empty lots, make sure there are no legal hurdles. Be well versed in what properties there is high enough demand for. Market and sell the properties on prices that make projects viable, but also quickly enough, so that the capital is not tied up, holding up the next project.

Design ships, boats and other marine vessels. Calculate strength, stability, power requirements and performance of vessels. Oversee construction and testing of marine craft, cooperate with the client and other professionals. Likely to be in charge of fulfilling the expected specifications, keeping deadlines and staying within the budget.

Design and develop mechanical systems for ships, boats, other marine vessels, harbors, oil rigs and off-shore electricity generation systems. Create plans for propulsion, steering, electric, electronic and navigation systems onboard. Oversee installation, maintenance and testing of such marine equipment. Solve technical problems. Many work in offices, but others do hands-on work, for example on ships and shipyards. May involve project management.

Sell complex scientific and technological products to businesses. Explain technical aspects of products to potential customers. Customise solutions to meet clients' specific needs. Provide ongoing technical support to customers. Sales-oriented role, which usually requires relevant technical qualification as well.

Sales positions can be rather stressful, because of the competition aspect, and because it is hard to keep up a high performance, but success in sales often means a very high income. The higher the overall sales value, the greater the competition and the reward. The more technical or scientific expertise required, the higher the potential salary and bonuses. Successful sales people often work long and odd hours, and sometimes have to be very flexible about how and where they work.

As above, but part of the specialised knowledge required is being able to assess the energy needs of the client and what equipment will serve those needs best. Plan simple solar energy systems and coordinate their installation with a technical team.

Design and implement energy systems for buildings, industries and power generation facilities. Analyse energy consumption patterns and recommend solutions or improvements for energy efficiency. Develop renewable energy solutions such as solar, wind and geothermal systems. Ensure energy systems comply with legal regulations. Conduct energy audits and create reports on energy usage and potential savings. Collaborate with architects and other professionals to integrate energy-efficient systems into new and existing structures.

One branch of energy engineering. Design and develop solar photovoltaic and thermal energy systems for residential, commercial and utility-scale applications. Conduct site assessments and evaluate solar energy potential. Select appropriate solar technologies, components and installation methods. Ensure solar energy systems comply with building codes, electrical standards and environmental regulations. Develop strategies to integrate solar energy with other renewable and conventional power sources. Oversee the installation, commissioning, maintenance and repair of solar energy systems. Collaborate with architects, electricians and other professionals to deliver comprehensive solar energy solutions.

One branch of energy engineering. Design, develop and optimise wind turbine systems and wind farm infrastructure. Conduct wind resource assessments to determine the best locations for wind energy projects. Select appropriate wind turbine technologies and configurations based on site conditions. Oversee the installation, commissioning, maintenance and repair of wind energy systems. Develop strategies to integrate wind power into existing electricity grids. Ensure wind energy projects comply with environmental and other legal regulations. Collaborate with project managers, construction teams and utility providers to deliver efficient and sustainable wind energy solutions.

Design aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and related systems. Develop and test prototypes of aerospace vehicles and components. Oversee and support manufacturing, retrofitting, repairs and maintenance. Investigate and solve problems with aircraft and spacecraft. Depending on the job, the work can be exclusively office-based, hands-on or anything in between. Extensive administration duties.

Assist aerospace engineers in constructing and testing aircraft, missiles and spacecraft. Build and maintain test equipment for aerospace systems. Collect and analyse data from flight tests and simulations. Assist in the manufacturing and modification processes of aerospace components. Perform quality control checks. Troubleshoot potentially complex problems, which often includes cooperating with other technicians and engineers. Record keeping is a significant part of the job. Be well versed in and follow strict manufacturing, safety and regulatory guidelines in aerospace operations. Some of the specializations for technicians are avionics (communication, navigation, sensors, control systems, etc.), propulsion technology, frame and aircraft body construction, spacecraft body and systems, quality assurance, flight tests and electrical systems.

Inspect, maintain and repair aircraft systems and structures. Perform scheduled maintenance checks on engines, landing gear and other components. Diagnose and troubleshoot mechanical and electrical issues. Replace defective parts and perform necessary repairs. Test aircraft systems to ensure proper operation and safety. Maintain detailed records of all maintenance and repair work.

Install, inspect, test, adjust and repair electronic equipment in aircraft. Work on navigation systems, radio communications, radar, weather tracking and the systems that control every movement of the plane. Diagnose faults using specialised testing equipment. Creative problem-solving of complex issues. Replace faulty components and wiring. Performing routine maintenance checks is a large part of the work. Upgrade avionics systems with new technology.

Create and modify existing designs of vehicle components and their manufacturing processes, oversee and support manufacturing, which may include mechanical, electric and electronic parts as well. Depending on the job, the work can be exclusively office-based, hands-on or anything in between. May include spending a lot of time creating documentation for new designs. In-depth knowledge of relevant regulations is required. Close cooperation with the Quality Assurance and other departments.

Support automotive engineers during the development process and prototype testing of vehicles, their components and setting up the manufacturing processes. Collect and analyse data from vehicle performance tests. Investigate issues, overcome hurdles creatively and recommend improvements. Perform quality control checks on vehicle systems. Use computer-aided design software to create technical drawings. Stay updated on advancements in automotive technology and regulations.

Diagnose and repair mechanical issues in cars and light trucks, e.g. brake systems, steering, engine, transmission and suspension problems. Perform routine maintenance such as oil and tyre changes. Explain repair and maintenance needs to customers, provide cost estimates and quotes. Test and repair vehicle electrical systems and components. Use computerised diagnostic equipment to identify vehicle issues. Replace (but not usually fix) faulty electronic parts. Freelancing is less common than working as an employee. In many countries, formal education is not essential to get started in this industry, but of course, getting qualified and completing specialised trainings make a huge difference in pay and opportunities. Most car mechanics specialise in one car brand.

The same job as that of car mechanics, but specialised in large diesel vehicles and engines. Diesel engines are also found in boats, generators, construction, industrial and agricultural equipment, trains and tanks.

Similar to the work of car mechanics, but focused only on the chassis and the outside of the cars. Straighten bent frames using hydraulic machines. Repair or replace damaged body panels, fenders, mirrors, lights, etc. Remove dents using simple and specialised tools and techniques. Sand and prepare surfaces for painting. Apply primer and paint to repaired areas.

Remove damaged windscreens and other glass panels. Clean and prepare the frame to receive new glass. Apply adhesives and sealants to ensure a watertight fit. Install the new glass, making sure it's properly aligned and secured. Check for leaks and make any necessary adjustments. Repair small cracks or chips in windscreens using special resins and tools. It’s possible to enter this field without prior qualification.

Install and repair electronic equipment in cars, trucks and other vehicles. Work on entertainment systems, GPS navigation, alarms, rearview cameras, touchscreen displays, remote starters and many more kinds of systems. Connect and configure various electronic components. Diagnose and fix issues with existing systems. Upgrade vehicles with new technology.

The same job as that of car mechanics, but for motorcycle brands. With usually less money involved and the bikes beings less complicated than cars, the entry to this profession is quicker and easier, but it often pays less.

Very similar to the work of car mechanics, but the vehicles are forklifts, construction, mining, logging and other sorts of industrial vehicles and machinery. It’s also a little different, because instead of the individual clients, the work is provided mostly for businesses or done within the company.

Very similar to the work of car mechanics, but the vehicles are motorhomes, caravans and campervans, which adds a few more types of jobs done on the vehicles: electrical systems, plumbing, furniture, bathroom fixtures, stoves, generators, storage tanks, connectors and custom-made parts.

Physically demanding, hands-on work. Inspect, maintain and repair various types of railway cars (mining, transporting goods, chemicals, produce, livestock, passengers, etc.). Work on brakes, couplings, wheels and suspension systems. Diagnose mechanical and electrical faults. Replace worn or damaged components. Perform routine maintenance and safety checks. Ensure all repairs meet industry standards and regulations.

Future proof only in certain countries: When self-driving trucks become common, that will take away some of the need for railroad use, which will lower maintenance needs. Operate specialised machines to lay and maintain railway tracks. Use equipment to align tracks, make ballast under the tracks compact, firm and steady and replace worn rails. Clear debris and vegetation from tracks. Perform routine maintenance on track-laying equipment. Inspect tracks for damage or wear. Physically demanding. No qualifications required. Much of the work is out of the office hours.

Inspect, maintain and repair railway and metro signals and track switches. The signals are like traffic lights and they show if there is a train ahead, on the track. Test electrical and mechanical components of signalling systems. Diagnose and fix faults in switches and crossing gates. Replace worn or damaged parts.

Enchant, negotiate with, bribe and occasionally sweet-talk temperamental carpets, especially when they think they know better than their riders. Mediate disputes with the help of a stern look. Perform sass inspections, altitude and attitude adjustments, ensuring they can handle tight squeezes through crowded markets, dodge palace guards auto-park with flair, withstand teenage joyrides, and are fully capable of dramatic entrances and exits. Troubleshoot anti-nose-diving safeguards, daydreaming and sulking issues and spontaneous loop-de-loops caused by rogue, tickling sand particles. Solve complex problems that cause glitches, such as, spell fizzles, tassel twirling, causing scenes and turning upside-down in case of sudden rain showers. Fine-tune carpets’ barrel roll arcs and auto-hover mode for dramatic moments and mid-air selfie stabilization; and to achieve the perfect balance of speed, showing off and drama. Qualification in advanced magical theory and membership in the Arcane Eco-Friendly Guild is usually expected by the clients.

Conduct upgrades to the latest anti-camel collision, in-flight entertainment systems, djinn-approved landing sequences, anti-tassel-tangling, pigeon deterrent and small-and-fluffy cloud technologies. Upgrades may also include the latest in flying comfort, including seat-belt spells, lumbar support, star-mapping navigation, mid-flight snack dispensers, self-fluffing, auto-landing for passengers who aren’t fond of heights, automatic sunset mode, anti-paparazzi cloaking, mood lighting and built-in “Do Not Disturb” signs. Perform regular spell checks to ensure carpets do develop quirks (e.g. mid-flight spinning exercises, carpets racing each other while with passengers), but avoid mid-air naps and suddenly deciding to turn into a picnic blanket or a doormat. Carry out mood stabilizations to prevent carpets from getting too excited during turbulence. Diagnose spell hiccups and slippage. Replace weakened enchantments with fresh, high-octane spells that make carpets glide smoother than a palace floor. Bachelor-level qualification in spellwork and about 270 years of relevant experience is usually expected to be able to intern for and receive mentoring from an Arcane Weave Aerial Carpet Artisan.

Design and oversee the Research and Development projects of biofuel and biodiesel technologies and products. Manage research teams working on new renewable fuel sources (soybean, corn, grass, algae, vegetable oil, etc.), fuels derived from them and systems that make use of the fuels. Ensure biofuel products meet quality and regulatory standards. Collaborate with or lead production teams to implement new biofuel technologies. Usually a multidisciplinary role, which requires active participation as opposed to only leading a team.

Operate equipment to convert biomass into biofuels. Calculate, measure, load, mix and process raw materials with additives in fermentation and reaction process vessels, and monitor and control manufacturing process. Collect and test samples throughout the production process. Maintain and troubleshoot biofuel processing equipment. Keep detailed records of production data and equipment performance.

Design, implement and improve processes and their automated control systems for producing chemicals, fuels, drugs and all sorts of products. Oversee the operation of manufacturing equipment in chemical plants. Collaborate with other engineers, scientists and other professionals to solve complex problems, often by being a project manager. A lot of independent work in the office: data and other analyses, problem solving, creating diagrams, models, computer simulations, presentations, reports, detailed documentation. Lots of specializations are available within this field and the place of work varies greatly as well. Create safety procedures for handling dangerous chemicals and materials. Ensure chemical processes and products meet regulatory standards.

Hands-on work. Assist chemists and chemical engineers in research and development or in chemical, pharmaceutical or other sorts of manufacturing. Take part in the development of new chemical processes or products. Prepare chemical solutions and manufacturing samples for testing. Operate laboratory equipment to analyse chemical properties. Record and interpret test results, write reports and present findings. Maintain laboratory and manufacturing equipment and carry out minor repairs. Follow safety procedures carefully. Stay updated on advances in chemical technology and laboratory techniques.

Control and monitor chemical production processes for the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, plastics, rubber, synthetic fibres, petrochemicals, fertilizers, paints and coatings, food additives, detergents and cleaning agents, adhesives and sealants, etc. Operate equipment such as heat exchangers, pumps and compressors, filtration units, valves, distillation columns and mixing tanks. Monitor instruments and adjust process variables to maintain product quality and production rates and ensure safe operation. Collect and analyse samples to verify product specifications. Troubleshoot equipment and process issues. Maintain accurate records of production data and equipment performance.

Design, develop and test computer systems and components such as processors, circuit boards and memory devices. Create and evaluate computer and other related specialised equipment hardware prototypes to ensure they meet performance and compatibility requirements. Work with software developers to ensure hardware and software work together efficiently. Oversee the manufacturing process of computer hardware. Troubleshoot and resolve hardware-related issues in existing computer systems.

Create solutions for generating, distributing and using electrical power. Design, develop, maintain and test electro-mechanical equipment, electricity generation or supply systems, for example power stations, power supply and control for parts of a power grid, all sorts of vehicles, satellites or electronics. Create plans for electrical wiring in buildings, vehicles and other structures and equipment. Ensure electrical systems are safe, efficient, and comply with relevant standards. Investigate electrical failures and implement corrective measures as quickly as possible. Collaborate with other engineers and technicians to integrate electrical systems into larger projects. Almost exclusively team work. Plenty of office work, such as creating detailed documentation, diagrams and administration.

Design and develop electronic components, circuits and systems for various devices. Create and test prototypes of electronic equipment to ensure they meet performance specifications. Analyse user requirements and design electronic solutions to meet those needs. Improve the performance and efficiency of existing electronic systems. Ensure electronic products comply with safety and electromagnetic compatibility standards. Work on projects ranging from consumer electronics to complex industrial control systems. Collaborate with other engineers to integrate electronic systems into larger products or infrastructure. Almost exclusively team work. Plenty of office work, such as creating detailed documentation, diagrams and administration.

Support electrical and electronic engineers in developing and testing electrical devices, their components and especially circuits. Assist in designing and refining electrical systems on a computer. Build test setups for electrical and electronic systems and prototypes. Troubleshoot issues in complex electrical and electronic equipment. Strong analytical and problem-solving skills are essential and so is being comfortable working alone for several hours at a time.

Design systems and procedures to prevent and control accidental fires in buildings and other structures. Analyse building plans and materials to ensure they meet fire safety standards. Develop and implement fire safety training programs for building occupants and staff. Investigate the causes of fires and recommend improvements in fire protection measures. Design and test fire suppression systems (e.g. sprinklers), alarms and evacuation procedures. Ensure compliance with local and national fire safety regulations. Collaborate with architects and other engineers to integrate fire safety features into building designs. Driving is often required to travel to inspect buildings. Almost exclusively team work. Strong communication and people skills are a must.

A fuel cell may use methanol, natural gas or other energy sources as well, but most often it is hydrogen that powers an electric motor. Innovate, design and develop fuel cell systems for vehicles or stationary power generation and collaborate with other engineers to integrate them. Improve the efficiency and performance of fuel cell technologies through research and experimentation. Build and analyse prototypes, implement designs into manufacturing, troubleshoot fuel cell operation and durability. Ensure fuel cell products meet safety and environmental standards. Develop methods for producing, storing and distributing hydrogen and other fuel cell fuels. Create detailed documentation, manuals, software models.

Develop procedures and create safe environments to protect people from illness and injury in various settings. Identify and evaluate potential chemical, physical and biological hazards in workplaces, living and public spaces, products and transportation systems. Design safety devices, equipment and warning systems to minimise risks. Investigate accidents and incidents to determine causes and prevent recurrences. Ensure compliance with health and safety regulations and standards. Conduct safety training programs for employees and managers. Collaborate with other professionals to integrate safety considerations into product designs and work processes. A lot of report writing and administrative work is required, but it’s an occupation that involves many social interactions.

Design and plan the extraction of minerals, metals and other geological materials from the Earth. Conduct surveys and analyse geological data to locate valuable deposits and assess their potential for mining. Develop safe and efficient methods for extracting resources, including the design of mine layouts and selection of appropriate equipment. Ensure mining operations comply with environmental regulations and minimise impact on surrounding ecosystems. Oversee the construction of mine infrastructure, such as tunnels, shafts and transportation systems. Monitor mining operations for safety and efficiency, implementing measures to prevent accidents and optimise resource recovery. Collaborate with other professionals, such as geologists, environmental scientists and safety specialists, to address complex challenges in mining projects.

Audit and improve safety procedures for mining operations to protect workers and equipment. Inspect mines to ensure compliance with safety regulations and standards. Investigate accidents and incidents in mines to determine causes and prevent future occurrences. Design and oversee the installation of safety systems such as guard rails and other physical barriers, ventilation, ground support, alarm and emergency response equipment. Train mining personnel on safety practices and emergency procedures. Analyse mining processes to identify potential hazards and recommend changes. Extensive office work.

Analyse and make recommendations on design improvements of products and all sorts of physical environments that people occupy, in order to make them safe, efficient and easy for people to use. Study how people interact with machines, tools, devices and environments to identify areas for improvement. Develop guidelines for ergonomic design of equipment, workstations and user interfaces. Conduct experiments and analyse data on human performance and behaviour to inform design decisions. Collaborate with product designers and engineers to ensure human factors are considered in new designs. Evaluate existing products and workplaces for ergonomic issues and recommend changes if needed. Stay updated on research in human factors and ergonomics to apply new findings to design practices.

Design and improve manufacturing systems and processes in the service industry, healthcare, transportation and logistics to optimise efficiency and quality. Contribute to the development and implementation of quality assurance procedures to ensure consistent product quality. Create efficient facility layouts and material handling systems. Implement cost-reduction strategies while maintaining or improving product quality and worker safety. Make use of observations, computer simulations and statistical analysis to model and improve complex systems. Make recommendations on staffing and work schedule changes. Collaborate with management and workers to implement changes and improvements in production processes. Creative problem solving.

Support industrial engineers in improving manufacturing, transportation, banking, finance, retail, healthcare, service industry and public service processes. The goal is to improve efficiency, quality, customer satisfaction, and reduce maintenance needs, errors, costs and wastage. Observe the work and analyse production data to identify areas for improvement. Write detailed reports that also contain recommendations. Assist in designing factory layouts and workflow systems. Collect and analyse data on manufacturing equipment performance and product quality. Help implement changes and quality assurance procedures.

Design and improve manufacturing plans and processes for producing goods efficiently and consistently. Cooperate with product designers to ensure designs can be efficiently manufactured. Select and set up appropriate tools, machines and materials for production lines. Create, amend and take part in quality assurance procedures. Cooperate with colleagues to analyse and solve technical problems related to manufacturing processes and equipment. Develop and implement cost-saving measures in the production process. Ensure manufacturing processes comply with safety and environmental regulations. More hands-on role than most other engineering jobs.

Source and purchase materials, equipment and supplies for manufacturing operations. Analyse market trends and negotiate with suppliers for best prices and terms. Manage inventory levels to ensure smooth production. Coordinate with production managers to determine material needs. Evaluate supplier performance and quality. Maintain purchasing records and prepare reports.

Based on the requirements towards products and on the budgetary constraints, analyse which materials (glass, metals and alloys, plastics, ceramics, semiconductors and other compounds) or their combinations might be the best options to manufacture them from. Test the materials to be able to propose the best choices. Build a prototype for further testing. Supervise the production of raw materials or the product itself. Collaborate with other professionals for the best results. Stay updated on new material technologies and incorporate them into designs when appropriate.

Design, develop and test mechanical devices, such as tools, engines and machines, including many electric ones. There are career opportunities in all types of vehicle manufacturing, the energy industry and making all the products and entire systems that have moving parts as well, e.g. building ventilation, household appliances, manufacturing robots, escalators, etc. As this field has many specializations, most don’t work with the entirety of the design and manufacturing process. Create detailed product designs, models and simulations on a computer, the robots to build them, prototypes, or oversee the manufacturing process, in many cases as a project manager. Analyse problems to see how mechanical and thermal devices might help solve them. Develop and test prototypes. Ensure designs meet performance specifications and comply with safety standards. Investigate equipment failures and find solutions to prevent future issues. Collaborate with engineers in other fields to create complex systems and products. Carry out maintenance, repairs or even modifications. Write detailed documentation and manuals, extensive administration.

Assist mechanical engineers in designing and testing mechanical devices (e.g. engines, any types of vehicles, their components and tools and products that have moving parts, such as power tools, manufacturing robots, elevators, etc.). Create technical drawings and 3D-designs on a computer, write detailed documentation and operation manuals. Build and maintain test equipment for electrical and mechanical systems. Collect and analyse data from performance tests. Help troubleshoot issues and improve designs. Assist in developing manufacturing processes for mechanical parts.

Design and develop systems, in which software and electronic components operate mechanical tools, such as robotic arms for manufacturing assembly lines, conveyor systems, automated inspection machines, smart home devices, drones, vehicle components, prosthetics. Integrate sensors (e.g. cameras, motion detectors, proximity sensors), moving parts and control systems to create smart mechanical systems. Create schematics, 3D models, blueprints, documentation and manuals. Build prototypes, test and refine them through simulations. Develop and implement software to control mechatronic systems. Analyse and solve problems. Ensure mechatronic systems meet performance, safety and reliability requirements. Stay updated on advancements in robotics, automation and control systems to incorporate new technologies into designs. Usually involves a lot of team work and often project management too.

Work hands-on with systems that combine mechanical, electrical, electronic and computer technologies. Assist in designing and testing automated manufacturing equipment and many types of drones. Maintain and repair robotic systems and other automated machinery. Program and calibrate mechatronic devices. Troubleshoot issues in complex electro-mechanical systems. Collect and analyse data on equipment performance.

Very similar to mechatronics engineering, but focused on robotic arms (e.g. assembly, welding), service robots, drones, self-driving vehicles and research and development in artificial intelligence for robotics.

Hands-on work. Either assist in designing and testing new robots and their applications and build prototypes; or assemble, install, modify, maintain and repair robotic systems used in manufacturing and other industries. Program and fine-tune robots for specific tasks. Troubleshoot issues in robotic systems and their control software. Train operators on proper use of robotic equipment.

A specialization within mechatronics engineering that works with devices and systems that generate, transmit, detect and control light. Create lasers, optical sensors, fibre optic communication networks and other photonic technologies. Conduct research to improve the efficiency, performance, reliability and how photonic components are used, or integrate them into electro-mechanical systems. Develop manufacturing processes for producing high-quality photonic devices. Ensure photonic systems meet the expected standards and legal requirements. Collaborate with scientists, technicians and other engineers to advance photonic innovations. Apply photonic technologies in fields like telecommunications, medical imaging and surgeries, defence industry and consumer electronics.

Support the development and production of devices that use light. Assist in designing and testing lasers, fibre optics and other photonic systems. Operate specialised equipment for manufacturing photonic devices. Perform quality control checks on optical components. Troubleshoot issues in photonic equipment. Collect and analyse data on device performance. There are many directions to specialise in and with the development of this technology, more opportunities are still to come.

A specialization within mechatronics engineering that works with RFID systems for tracking and identifying objects, animals or people. RFID chips are tiny, flat, bendable computer chips that can be scanned to send information without touching them. They are used as hotel key cards, public transportation ticket cards, for contactless debit card payments, in library books, pet collars, and in manufacturing and logistics to identify and track items. Select appropriate RFID hardware, software and network infrastructure for the application at hand, and cooperate with other engineers and IT professionals to integrate them into electronic systems.

A specialization within mechatronics engineering. Design and develop microscopically small micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), which are the tiny versions of electromechanical devices. They are already all around us, in airbags, smart phones, medical devices (even in the human body), microphones, fiberoptics, laptops, drones, labs, printers, etc. and are capable of a surprising number of tasks: measure temperature, pressure, movement, vibration, light, chemistry, process digital signals, turn switches, make use of energy, create sounds, etc. MEMS devices are manufactured with methods similar to semiconductor fabrication.

Hands-on work. Oversee the extremely complex and sophisticated processes of semiconductor manufacturing, which are automated in a large part. Set up and maintain equipment. Monitor and control various processes by checking digital readouts to ensure everything is running within specified parameters and changing settings. Perform visual inspections, and use specialised testing equipment to check the quality of the unfinished chips at various stages of the production. Troubleshoot equipment and process issues, if they can be resolved without input from engineers. Creative problem solving. Perform routine maintenance and calibration of manufacturing equipment. Train colleagues.

Research, design and develop miniature electronics systems at the nanoscale level. Create innovative materials (e.g. for solar cells, batteries, catalysts), devices (e.g. drug delivery systems, nanosensors for medical diagnostics, targeted cancer therapies) and products using nanotechnology (e.g. sunscreens, skincare, stain-resistant fabrics, antimicrobial clothing, food packaging, paints and coating, sports equipment, pesticides, fertilizers). Conduct experiments to study the properties and behaviour of nano-scale components and items. Ensure nano-systems meet performance, reliability and safety requirements. Develop manufacturing processes for producing nano-scale products. Work closely with materials scientists, chemists and other engineers to advance nanotechnology.

Either support nanotechnology research and development in creating new nanomaterials and nanodevices; or implement production processes and operate commercial-scale production equipment. Operate specialised equipment for nanoscale fabrication and analysis. Prepare samples and conduct experiments at the nanoscale level. Collect and analyse data from nanotechnology experiments. Maintain clean room environments and follow strict contamination control procedures. Stay updated on advancements, no matter how small they are.

Work mostly in the field or in an industrial setting, which can both be physically demanding. Test, maintain and fix electric motors, generators, power tools (e.g. jackhammer, chainsaw, circular saw, drill, power washer, pump, compressor, angle grinder, heat gun, lawn mower, etc.) and other, potentially larger electronic, industrial equipment. Replace worn or broken parts. Adjust and calibrate equipment for proper operation. Advise on equipment upgrades or replacements. These are often a good balance between team and independent work. Vocational qualification or a bachelor’s degree is always required.

Maintain and repair equipment like lawnmowers, chainsaws, leaf blowers, boat motors and other engines and small vehicles. Diagnose engine problems and electrical issues, which can be difficult enough to require strong analytical skills and being able to read complex operations manuals. Replace worn or damaged parts. Adjust engine components for optimal performance. Sharpen blades and other cutting tools. Perform routine maintenance like oil changes and filter replacements. Advise customers on proper equipment use and care. May work freelance, for a repair shop or a brand service centre.

Work mostly in the field or in an industrial setting, which can both be physically demanding, depending on the specialization. Install, test, maintain and fix electrical and electronic equipment. Replace worn or broken parts. Adjust and calibrate equipment for proper operation. Lots of specializations are available, such as electrical work (wiring, switches, fuses, transformers, etc.), large telecom devices, equipment on trains, planes, ships and other vehicles (e.g. sonar, GPS, radio), etc. Read technical manuals to understand complex systems. Advise on equipment upgrades or replacements. These are often a good balance between team and independent work. Apart from the simplest of positions, specialist courses are needed on top of a vocational qualification or a degree.

Install and maintain equipment used in radio, cellular and other wireless communication systems. Climb towers to access and repair antennas and other equipment. Test signal strength and quality using specialised tools. Replace faulty components in transmitters, receivers and other devices. Align dishes and antennas for optimal signal reception. Troubleshoot issues in complex communication networks. Travel to carry out tasks, including communication equipment on ships, planes, emergency vehicles and related control centres. Some diagnose and repair equipment in a workshop.

Test, diagnose, maintain and repair issues in power generation and distribution equipment in power plants, substations and relay stations. Replace or fix faulty components. Adjust and calibrate control systems. Perform regular maintenance to prevent power outages. Coordinate with other technicians during large-scale repairs or upgrades. Some repairs are urgent, which can be tiring and stressful.

Develop and/or operate nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities. Design nuclear reactor systems and related equipment. Ensure nuclear power plant operates safely and efficiently. Develop protocols for handling radioactive materials and minimising radiation exposure. Monitor and maintain nuclear systems to prevent accidents and environmental contamination. Collaborate with scientists, technicians and operators to address technical challenges. Contribute to research on new nuclear technologies and fuel sources.

Monitor radiation levels in nuclear power plants, radioactive storage sites and weapon manufacturing facilities. Operate and maintain radiation detection equipment. Collect and analyse samples from natural environments to detect radioactive contamination. Ensure compliance with nuclear safety regulations. Assist in implementing radiation protection procedures. Respond to radiation-related emergencies and abnormal situations.

Monitor and control nuclear reactor systems to generate electricity safely. Adjust control rods and coolant systems to maintain optimal reactor performance. Respond to alarms and abnormal conditions following strict safety protocols. Conduct regular equipment checks and safety inspections. Coordinate with maintenance teams for reactor servicing.

Assist nuclear engineers and physicists in power plants or nuclear research. Operate and maintain various equipment in power plants or research facilities. Monitor radiation levels and ensure safety procedures are followed. Collect and analyse data from power plant operations or nuclear experiments. Assist in the handling and disposal of radioactive materials. Perform quality control checks and regular maintenance duties on nuclear systems and components.

Devise methods for extracting oil and gas from underground reservoirs. Analyse geological and geophysical data to locate and evaluate energy deposits. Design and oversee the construction of drilling rigs, pipelines and other production facilities. Develop strategies to maximise the recovery of oil and gas resources. Monitor production operations and implement safety protocols. Troubleshoot problems that arise during exploration and extraction. Ensure compliance with environmental regulations in petroleum activities.

Specialise in a field of engineering to fully understand the important characteristics of the products. Develop and implement validation protocols to ensure the reliability, safety and regulatory compliance of these products, processes and systems in laboratories and factories. Calibrate various kinds of testing equipment. Design and execute validation tests, such as performance, functionality and stress testing. Analyse data and prepare validation reports to demonstrate that requirements have been met. Collaborate with cross-functional teams, including quality assurance, manufacturing and regulatory affairs. Stay updated on industry standards and regulatory guidelines to maintain validation processes. Provide technical guidance and training to support the implementation of validation tools and processes.

Apply engineering techniques to solve problems related to biology. They develop new technologies and methods for improving processes in areas like agriculture, environmental conservation and biotechnology. There are many paths within bioengineering. Create genetically modified crops that are more resistant to pests or develop systems to clean up pollution using bacteria. Design processes for manufacturing biological products, such as biofuels or pharmaceuticals. Collaborate with biologists, chemists and other engineers to develop and test their designs. Their work often involves research and innovation. Bioengineers help address global challenges like food security, environmental sustainability and healthcare.

Design and develop technologies that help improve healthcare and medical treatments. Create medical devices, such as artificial limbs, pacemakers, automated insulin injectors, imaging machines and other diagnostic equipment, as well as software for managing patient data, control medical equipment and improve diagnoses. Work closely with doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals to ensure their designs meet the needs of patients and medical staff. Develop new materials that can be used in the human body, such as implants or tissue scaffolds, which are safe and effective. Test and refine medical equipment to ensure it functions correctly and safely.

Create custom orthotics, prosthetics, braces and other items helping the mobility of patients. Assemble devices from ready and 3D-printed pieces. Adjust and repair existing medical appliances. Instruct patients on proper use and care of their devices. Several specializations are available.

Maintain and repair electronic medical equipment used in hospitals and clinics. Test and calibrate devices like X-ray machines, patient monitors and surgical equipment. Replace worn or faulty parts. Troubleshoot software. Train medical staff on proper equipment use. Based on the types of devices, several specializations are available. Some travel to many different hospitals for work, but many have fixed places of work. Vocational to BSc-level studies are needed.

Work in the public or private sector or for environmental consulting firms. Assist environmental engineers in designing, implementing and monitoring plans that protect the environment. Take part in environmental impact and general site assessments, inspect outdoor locations. Collect and analyse environmental data, such as air and water quality, soil and waste composition. Operate and maintain equipment used for environmental monitoring, lab tests and cleanups. Implement regulatory compliance procedures. Provide technical support to environmental engineering projects. Document findings, prepare reports.

Work in the public or private sector or for environmental consulting firms. Design and oversee the development and implementation of plans and technologies to manage natural resources, prevent, control and alleviate or clean up environmental pollution and degradation. Conduct environmental impact assessments and feasibility studies for proposed construction, industrial or infrastructure projects. Develop strategies for waste and waste water treatment, recycling and the cleanup of contaminated sites. Ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Collaborate with scientists, policymakers, managers and the public to address environmental challenges. Manage projects, find creative solutions. The amount of office work heavily depends on the specialization within the field.

Work in the public or private sector or for environmental consulting firms. Collect and analyse environmental samples, such as air, water and soil, to assess quality and identify contaminants. Investigate the sources of pollution and contamination. Operate and maintain specialised equipment for environmental monitoring and testing. Visiting sites can be physically demanding. Document findings, prepare reports and provide technical support to environmental scientists and engineers. Take part in cleanups. It’s possible to start working in this field without a degree.

A specialization within environmental engineering. Conduct assessments of water resources and treatment requirements. Design, construct and manage systems for water and wastewater supply and treatment and stormwater management. Plan and oversee the installation, maintenance and repair of water and wastewater infrastructure, including pipes, pumps and treatment facilities. Ensure water and wastewater systems meet regulatory standards. Develop strategies for water conservation, reuse and sustainable management. Collaborate with municipal authorities, environmental agencies, various professionals and managers to address water-related challenges. Manage projects, solve problems.

Work in the public or private sector or for environmental consulting firms. Collect and analyse environmental samples, such as air, water and soil, to assess quality and identify contaminants. Investigate the sources of pollution and contamination. Operate and maintain specialised equipment for environmental monitoring and testing. Visiting sites can be physically demanding. Document findings, prepare reports and provide technical support to environmental scientists and engineers. Take part in cleanups. It’s possible to start working in this field without a degree.

A specialization within environmental engineering. Conduct assessments of water resources and treatment requirements. Design, construct and manage systems for water and wastewater supply and treatment and stormwater management. Plan and oversee the installation, maintenance and repair of water and wastewater infrastructure, including pipes, pumps and treatment facilities. Ensure water and wastewater systems meet regulatory standards. Develop strategies for water conservation, reuse and sustainable management. Collaborate with municipal authorities, environmental agencies, various professionals and managers to address water-related challenges. Manage projects, solve problems.

Mostly fieldwork. Collect and analyse data on water resources, including surface water, groundwater, precipitation regarding their physical, chemical and biological properties. Measure and report on flow rates and ground water levels, troubleshoot field equipment, collect water samples, install and collect sampling equipment, and process samples for shipment to testing laboratories. Assist in the development and implementation of water resource management plans (e.g. working on flood control projects or water conservation). Collaborate with hydrologists, civil engineers and environmental scientists to address water-related issues. May collect data on behalf of hydrologists, engineers, property developers, government agencies or agricultural companies.

Mostly fieldwork, monitoring the health of woodlands and the soil and water around them. Collect and analyse samples and data on forests, wildlife habitats and environmental conditions. Operate specialised equipment for surveying, monitoring and maintaining forest and natural areas. Assist in the implementation of forest management and conservation plans, such as supervising the planting of trees. Collaborate with foresters, biologists, other conservation professionals and logging company employees to protect and manage nature and urban parks and other green areas.

Both field and office work. Assist geologists in field and laboratory activities, such as mapping, sampling and analysing geological formations. Operate specialised equipment for surveying, search for mineral deposits by digging or drilling, and testing soil, rock and mineral samples. Maintain detailed records and prepare reports on geological observations and findings. Provide technical support to geologists, engineers and other professionals working in the earth sciences.

Perform a variety of laboratory tasks to support biological and medical research and other tests, such as DNA testing or assist in ecological, forensic or medical investigations. Operate scientific equipment and instruments for experimentation, analysis, data collection or producing experimental drugs or food ingredients. Prepare samples, maintain cultures, and record observations related to living organisms. Provide technical support to biologists, biochemists and other life science professionals. Extensive administration and report writing.

Design and develop electronic equipment and systems to improve agricultural production and processing. Use expertise in mechanical, electrical, civil and chemical engineering to develop innovative solutions for irrigation, growing crops, livestock management and food processing. Ensure agricultural methods, systems and machinery are efficient, sustainable, keep all wastages to a minimum, and comply with environmental regulations. Collaborate with farmers, stakeholders and other professionals to address challenges in modern agriculture and support them on the use of modern devices, maintain and repair them. Stay informed about advancements in areas like precision farming, renewable energy and data-driven decision-making.

Use smart devices to gather information on every small part of a farm land: soil temperature, moisture, nutrient levels, pests, crop yield, received sunlight, etc. Export the information into detailed maps on what actions are needed on which parts of the land, and for example how much fertilizer, water or pesticide they each require for the best results. Apart from increasing yields significantly, this work also saves a lot of time, effort and money. Set up, maintain, troubleshoot smart devices and drones. Mostly fieldwork, but also includes office tasks and educating colleagues in preparation for upcoming tasks.

Either usually visit crime scenes or work in a lab. Collect, process and analyse evidence from crime scenes and other locations. Operate specialised equipment for various forensic analyses, such as DNA profiling, ballistics and toxicology. Document findings, maintain detailed records, and prepare reports for use in legal proceedings. Adhere to strict protocols and quality assurance measures to ensure the integrity and reliability of forensic evidence. Apart from the obvious specializations, one is digital forensics, which investigates frauds, scams and other sorts of electronic-device and Internet-related crimes.

Diagnose and repair various types of cameras, lenses and other photographic equipment. Disassemble, clean and adjust mechanical and electronic components. Perform routine maintenance and preventive care on photographic gear. Advise customers on the care and use of their equipment. Stay updated on the latest camera technologies and repair techniques.

Set up, maintain and repair coin, bank-card, RFID card or token operated machines, such as vending machines, coffee makers, ticket machines, arcade games and other automated-service machines. Diagnose and troubleshoot mechanical, plumbing, electrical and electronic issues. Perform preventive maintenance, replace worn parts, and ensure machines are functioning efficiently and reliably. Advise clients on the appropriate placement, programming, operation and servicing of their equipment. Restock and clean machines.

Most work as employees, but running your own business is also possible. Need to specialise: computer, Android or Apple devices. Diagnose and repair hardware and software issues quickly and confidently. Disassemble equipment, identify faulty components. Make recommendations, source and replace parts and software. Provide technical support to users on the proper operation and maintenance of these machines. Sell selected accessories. Solid knowledge is but formal qualification is often not required.

Diagnose and repair ATMs or office machines, such as printers, copiers, scanners and LCD projectors. Disassemble equipment, identify and replace faulty components, and perform software troubleshooting. Make recommendations, source and replace parts and software. In case of office electronics, provide technical support and training to users on the proper operation and maintenance of these machines. Might spend many hours a week on the road.

Oversee and motivate teams of mechanics, installers and repair workers. Plan and assign work tasks. Ensure quality and timeliness of the work. Train new staff and provide ongoing guidance. Manage budgets and resources. Address customer concerns and resolve complex issues. Implement safety procedures and ensure compliance with regulations. Doesn’t have to be the best-trained person on the team, but has to fully understand the outlines of every work process supervised and other related fields as well. At least a vocational-level qualification and a couple of years of experience is required, but often significantly more. It’s easy to underestimate how challenging it is to lead people, therefore, I highly recommend studying leading.

A job for problem solvers. Visit clients, diagnose and fix household appliances like washing machines, dryers, dishwashers and refrigerators, etc. Provide cost estimates for repairs. Source and replace parts and manage inventory. Provide good customer service and work independently. Educate customers on proper appliance use and care, and on how to troubleshoot basic issues. Can be a reasonably lucrative job that doesn’t require years of studies, but there are not many career advancement opportunities available within the field.

Maintain, diagnose and repair industrial machinery, including mechanical, electric, electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Read technical manuals and blueprints to understand complex systems. Replace worn or damaged parts. Calibrate machinery for optimal performance. Train machine operators on proper equipment use and basic maintenance. A more hands-on role than most other professional fields. Often very balanced between team and solitary work. As the machines often run 24 hours a day, shift work and inconvenient schedules are common. Much of the job is problem solving.

Perform routine inspections and maintain floors, ceilings, doors, windows, electrical systems, plumbing and decorative elements of buildings. Fix or buy/order and replace faulty equipment, sometimes very urgently. Manage heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Coordinate with specialised contractors for complex repairs.

New technologies are likely to be adopted even quicker than until now. This will provide great opportunities for people grabbing the opportunity to learn their operation, installation and maintenance quickly. Potentially very lucrative.

Install and repair locks and safes. Open locks when keys are lost or locks malfunction, often in an urgent manner. Repair and replace damaged locking mechanisms. Install and troubleshoot electronic access control systems. Advise on security measures for homes and businesses. Mainly hands-on, solitary work, visiting the clients. No qualifications are needed to get started in this field. Many learn the trade on the job. Virtually no career progression opportunities.

Repair and maintain various musical instruments. Diagnose issues with string, wind and percussion instruments. Replace worn or damaged parts. Adjust instrument mechanisms for proper operation. Tune instruments to correct pitch. Restore old or damaged instruments. The work might even include removing dents of brass instruments, hot metal work or building parts from scratch. Advise musicians on instrument care and maintenance.

Maintain and repair high-precision instruments used in various industries, which require specialised training and experience. Generic studies can’t fully prepare a person for fixing rare types of devices or brands that are less common, e.g. microscopes (cryo-electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, transmission electron microscopes), quantum devices, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers, synchrotron radiation equipment, electron beam lithography systems, high-resolution mass spectrometers, neutron scattering instruments, ultra-high vacuum equipment, tandem mass spectrometry systems and other medical equipment, scientific instruments or industrial measuring tools. Diagnose complex issues using specialised testing equipment. Replace or repair delicate components. Calibrate instruments to ensure accuracy. Follow strict quality control procedures. Stay updated on advancements in precision technology across different fields.

Test and adjust measuring instruments to ensure accuracy. Work with a wide range of devices, from simple scales to complex scientific equipment, e.g. pressure gauges, temperature sensors, devices that measure the flow of liquids or gases, instruments that analyse the spectrum of light, precision power tools, etc. Use specialised tools to verify instrument readings. Repair or replace faulty components in measuring devices. Develop and implement calibration procedures. There are jobs available in the following industries: manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, power generation and distribution, telecommunications, medical devices maintenance and working for companies that provide calibration services. Due to the large variety of devices such a professional works on, troubleshooting can be challenging and often require detailed diagnostics. Largely solitary work, which is not suitable for many people.

Inspect materials and structures with X-rays, ultrasound and magnetic particles to detect flaws, e.g. welds, metallic pipes, aerospace and automotive components, boilers, turbines, storage tanks, reactors, bridges, tunnels, dams, steam generators, turbine blades, rotors, drilling equipment and offshore oil platforms, etc. Interpret test results and prepare detailed reports. Develop testing procedures for different materials and structures. Maintain and calibrate non-destructive testing equipment. Ensure compliance with safety regulations and quality standards. This work is often required in Quality Assurance.

Design jewellery pieces using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Program and operate CNC milling machines to create metal components or jewellery moulds. Set up and run 3D printers to produce moulds for casting. Set the gemstones. Finish and polish jewellery pieces using various tools and techniques. Maintain and troubleshoot equipment. Adapt designs and processes for custom jewellery orders.